So sánh phương pháp

	Thử nghiệm lâm sàng ngẫu nhiên có đối chứng tiến cứu	Thử nghiệm lâm sàng ngẫu nhiên thích ứng
Lĩnh vực	Dịch tễ học	Dịch tễ học
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1948 (landmark MRC streptomycin trial)	Late 1990s–2000s (widespread adoption post-2010)
Người khởi xướng	Austin Bradford Hill / Medical Research Council	Donald Berry and colleagues; formalized by FDA guidance in 2010 and 2019
Loại	Experimental / interventional study design	Experimental clinical trial design
Công trình gốc	Medical Research Council (1948). Streptomycin treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: a Medical Research Council investigation. British Medical Journal, 2(4582), 769–782.	Berry, D. A. (2006). Bayesian clinical trials. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 5(1), 27–36.
Tên gọi khác	Prospective RCT, randomized controlled trial, RCT, controlled clinical trial	adaptive RCT, adaptive trial design, response-adaptive randomization trial, adaptive clinical trial
Liên quan	5	6
Tóm tắt	A prospective randomized clinical trial (RCT) is an experimental study in which participants are assigned to intervention or control groups by chance before any outcomes are observed, then followed forward in time. Random allocation eliminates systematic selection bias, making this design the gold standard for establishing causal efficacy of treatments in medicine and clinical research.	An adaptive randomized clinical trial (adaptive RCT) is a prospective experimental study that uses pre-specified rules to modify one or more trial aspects — such as sample size, allocation ratios, or treatment arms — based on accumulating data collected during the trial itself, while maintaining statistical validity and integrity of the study.