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| Process Tracing× | Mô hình cấu trúc phương trình thăm dò× | |
|---|---|---|
| Lĩnh vực | Trắc lượng tâm lý | Trắc lượng tâm lý |
| Họ | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| Năm ra đời≠ | 2005 | 2009 |
| Người khởi xướng≠ | Alexander George, Andrew Bennett | Tihomir Asparouhov, Bengt Muthén |
| Loại≠ | Qualitative causal inference | Hybrid exploratory-confirmatory factor modeling |
| Công trình gốc≠ | Bennett, A., & Checkel, J. T. (Eds.). (2015). Process Tracing: From Metaphor to Analytic Tool. Cambridge University Press. DOI ↗ | Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2009). Exploratory structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 16(3), 397-438. DOI ↗ |
| Tên gọi khác≠ | — | ESEM |
| Liên quan | 5 | 5 |
| Tóm tắt≠ | Process Tracing is a qualitative research method developed by George and Bennett (2005) for studying causal mechanisms and causal chains within individual cases. It involves examining the sequence of events and decision-making processes within a case to infer whether a hypothesized causal mechanism actually operated. Process tracing aims to strengthen causal inference in case studies by looking beyond correlation to understand how causes produce effects. | Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) is a hybrid approach that combines exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and path modeling, developed by Asparouhov and Muthén (2009). ESEM relaxes restrictive zero-loading assumptions of traditional CFA, allowing all indicators to load on all factors, which can reveal cross-factor complexity and improve model fit while retaining the ability to test substantive structural theories. |
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