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| Thiết kế Solomon bốn nhóm thực dụng× | Thử nghiệm đối chứng ngẫu nhiên thực dụng× | |
|---|---|---|
| Lĩnh vực | Thiết kế thí nghiệm | Thiết kế thí nghiệm |
| Họ | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Năm ra đời≠ | 1949 (Solomon design); pragmatic variant in applied use from 1990s onward | 1967 |
| Người khởi xướng≠ | Solomon four-group design: Richard L. Solomon (1949); pragmatic orientation formalized by Schwartz & Lellouch (1967) and Thorpe et al. (2009) | Daniel Schwartz and Joseph Lellouch |
| Loại≠ | Experimental design (pragmatic variant) | Experimental design — pragmatic trial |
| Công trình gốc≠ | Solomon, R. L. (1949). An extension of control group design. Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 137–150. DOI ↗ | Schwartz, D., & Lellouch, J. (1967). Explanatory and pragmatic attitudes in therapeutical trials. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 20(8), 637–648. DOI ↗ |
| Tên gọi khác | pragmatic S4GD, real-world Solomon four-group design, pragmatic pretest-control design, pragmatic Solomon design | pRCT, pragmatic trial, practical clinical trial, real-world RCT |
| Liên quan≠ | 5 | 4 |
| Tóm tắt≠ | The Pragmatic Solomon Four-Group Design combines the pretest-sensitization control logic of the classic Solomon (1949) four-group structure with the broad eligibility, flexible delivery, and real-world conditions characteristic of pragmatic trials. Four groups are formed: two receive the intervention (one pretested, one not) and two serve as controls (one pretested, one not), allowing simultaneous estimation of treatment effects and pretest sensitization effects under ecologically valid settings. | A pragmatic randomized controlled trial (pRCT) tests whether an intervention works under ordinary, real-world conditions — broad eligibility, flexible delivery, and routine care settings. Participants are still randomly assigned to treatment or control, preserving causal inference, but the study is designed to reflect the diversity and variability of actual practice rather than the ideal conditions of an explanatory trial. The defining framework is the PRECIS-2 tool, which maps any RCT along nine pragmatic-to-explanatory dimensions. |
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