So sánh phương pháp

	Thử nghiệm lâm sàng Giai đoạn II thực dụng	Thử nghiệm lâm sàng ngẫu nhiên thực dụng
Lĩnh vực	Dịch tễ học	Dịch tễ học
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	Pragmatic framework: 1967; Phase II application: 1990s–2000s	1967
Người khởi xướng	Conceptual basis: Daniel Schwartz & Joseph Lellouch (pragmatic vs. explanatory distinction, 1967); applied to Phase II context by drug developers and trialists from the 1990s onward	Daniel Schwartz & Joseph Lellouch
Loại	Interventional study design	Interventional study design
Công trình gốc	Schwartz, D., & Lellouch, J. (1967). Explanatory and pragmatic attitudes in therapeutical trials. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 20(8), 637–648.	Schwartz, D., & Lellouch, J. (1967). Explanatory and pragmatic attitudes in therapeutical trials. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 20(8), 637–648.
Tên gọi khác	pragmatic Phase II trial, real-world Phase II trial, Phase II pragmatic RCT, Phase IIb pragmatic trial	pragmatic RCT, effectiveness trial, real-world RCT, practical clinical trial
Liên quan	6	6
Tóm tắt	A pragmatic Phase II clinical trial is an early-to-mid-stage interventional study that evaluates a new treatment's preliminary efficacy and safety under conditions that approximate real-world clinical practice rather than tightly controlled experimental settings. It sits between pure explanatory Phase II trials and large pragmatic Phase III confirmatory trials, prioritising practical feasibility and clinical relevance while still generating the signal needed to justify further development.	A pragmatic randomized clinical trial (pragmatic RCT) is an interventional study that tests whether a treatment works under routine clinical conditions, as opposed to the tightly controlled setting of an explanatory trial. It prioritizes broad eligibility, flexible delivery, and patient-relevant outcomes to answer the question 'Does this treatment work in everyday practice?' rather than 'Can this treatment work under ideal circumstances?' The distinction between pragmatic and explanatory trials was formally articulated by Schwartz and Lellouch in 1967 and operationalized by the PRECIS tool in 2009.