So sánh phương pháp

	Thí nghiệm Yếu tố Toàn diện Thực dụng	Thí nghiệm Yếu tố Ngẫu nhiên theo Cụm
Lĩnh vực	Thiết kế thí nghiệm	Thiết kế thí nghiệm
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1920s (factorial); 1967/2009 (pragmatic framework)	1990s (formalized in group-randomized trial literature)
Người khởi xướng	Full factorial: R.A. Fisher (1920s); Pragmatic framing: Schwartz & Lellouch (1967), formalized by Thorpe et al. (2009)	David M. Murray and colleagues; Allan Donner & Neil Klar
Loại	Experimental design	Experimental design
Công trình gốc	Thorpe, K. E., Zwarenstein, M., Oxman, A. D., Treweek, S., Furberg, C. D., Altman, D. G., ... & Chalmers, I. (2009). A pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary (PRECIS): a tool to help trial designers. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62(5), 464-475.	Murray, D. M. (1998). Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195120912
Tên gọi khác	pragmatic factorial trial, real-world full factorial design, effectiveness full factorial experiment, pragmatic 2^k experiment	cluster-randomized factorial design, group-randomized factorial trial, CRT factorial, clustered factorial experiment
Liên quan	6	5
Tóm tắt	A pragmatic full factorial experiment combines the complete crossing of all factor levels (the full factorial structure) with the broad eligibility criteria, flexible delivery, and real-world conditions of a pragmatic trial. Every possible combination of factors is tested simultaneously, yielding both main effects and all interaction effects, while deliberately relaxing strict laboratory controls to reflect how interventions actually operate in practice.	A cluster randomized factorial experiment assigns intact groups (clusters such as schools, clinics, or communities) at random to all combinations of two or more treatment factors, enabling simultaneous evaluation of multiple interventions and their interactions while respecting the natural grouping of participants. It merges the logistical and ethical advantages of cluster randomization with the efficiency of factorial design.