So sánh phương pháp

	Thí nghiệm thực địa mang tính thực dụng	Thí nghiệm thực địa phân cụm ngẫu nhiên
Lĩnh vực	Thiết kế thí nghiệm	Thiết kế thí nghiệm
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1967 (pragmatic framing); 2009 (PRECIS tool)	1980s–1990s (formalized methodology)
Người khởi xướng	Schwartz & Lellouch (pragmatic framing); formalized for practice through PRECIS framework (Thorpe et al.)	David M. Murray (group-randomized trials framework); applied broadly in public health and education research
Loại	Experimental design	Randomized experimental design
Công trình gốc	Schwartz, D., & Lellouch, J. (1967). Explanatory and pragmatic attitudes in therapeutical trials. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 20(8), 637–648.	Murray, D. M. (1998). Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195120424
Tên gọi khác	pragmatic effectiveness trial, real-world field experiment, effectiveness field trial, practical field study	CRFE, cluster-randomized trial in the field, group-randomized field experiment, community-randomized field experiment
Liên quan	6	4
Tóm tắt	A pragmatic field experiment tests whether an intervention works under real-world, routine conditions rather than under the tightly controlled settings of a laboratory or explanatory trial. It combines the pragmatic trial philosophy — prioritising external validity and decision-relevance — with field experimentation, so findings directly inform policy and practice. The design is positioned toward the pragmatic end of the PRECIS continuum and is widely used in public health, education, agriculture, and behavioral economics.	A cluster randomized field experiment (CRFE) assigns intact groups — schools, villages, clinics, workplaces — rather than individuals to treatment or control conditions, and the experiment is conducted in real-world settings rather than a laboratory. Randomization at the group level controls for contamination between conditions while preserving the ecological validity of the natural environment. It is the dominant design for evaluating community-level, school-based, or workplace interventions in public health, education policy, and development economics.