So sánh phương pháp

	Thiết kế thực nghiệm nhóm đối chứng thực dụng	Thiết kế thực nghiệm đo lường trước và sau can thiệp
Lĩnh vực	Thiết kế thí nghiệm	Thiết kế thí nghiệm
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1967 (seminal distinction); 2009 (PRECIS operationalization)	1963 (formalized in Campbell & Stanley)
Người khởi xướng	Schwartz & Lellouch (pragmatic vs explanatory distinction); extended by PRECIS framework (Thorpe et al.)	Donald T. Campbell and Julian C. Stanley
Loại	Experimental design (pragmatic variant)	Experimental / quasi-experimental research design
Công trình gốc	Schwartz, D., & Lellouch, J. (1967). Explanatory and pragmatic attitudes in therapeutical trials. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 20(8), 637–648.	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally.
Tên gọi khác	pragmatic controlled trial, effectiveness trial with control group, real-world control group design, pragmatic comparative design	pretest-posttest design, before-after design, pre-post design, two-wave experimental design
Liên quan	6	5
Tóm tắt	A pragmatic control group experimental design tests whether an intervention works under routine, real-world conditions by comparing it against a control condition — typically usual care or an active comparator — rather than a tightly controlled placebo. It prioritises external validity and applicability over the internal purity of an explanatory efficacy trial, asking whether an intervention makes a meaningful difference to people as they are actually treated in practice.	The pretest-posttest experimental design measures participants on the outcome variable before and after treatment, typically with random assignment to treatment and control groups. The difference between pre- and post-scores isolates the treatment effect from baseline variation, making this one of the most widely used frameworks in experimental and quasi-experimental research across education, psychology, medicine, and the social sciences.