So sánh phương pháp

	Mật mã hậu lượng tử (Kyber)	Mật mã đường cong Elliptic	Hệ mật mã RSA
Lĩnh vực	Mật mã học	Mật mã học	Mật mã học
Họ	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
Năm ra đời	2022	1985	1978
Người khởi xướng	NIST PQC Standardization Project	Neal Koblitz	Ronald Rivest
Loại	post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism	asymmetric encryption and key agreement	asymmetric encryption algorithm
Công trình gốc	Avanzi, R., Bos, J., Ducas, L., & Kiltz, E. (2022). CRYSTALS-Kyber algorithm specification and supporting documentation. NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Project.	Miller, V. S. (1985). Use of Elliptic Curves in Cryptography. In Proceedings of the Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO 1985, LNCS 218, pp. 417-426.	Rivest, R. L., Shamir, A., & Adleman, L. (1978). A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems. Communications of the ACM, 21(2), 120-126.
Tên gọi khác	PQC, quantum-resistant cryptography, quantum-safe	ECC, elliptic curve cryptosystem	RSA encryption, RSA public-key cryptography
Liên quan	3	3	4
Tóm tắt	Post-quantum cryptography comprises cryptographic algorithms believed to be secure against both classical and quantum computers. In 2022, NIST standardized post-quantum algorithms including ML-KEM (CRYSTALS-Kyber) for key encapsulation and ML-DSA (CRYSTALS-Dilithium) for signatures. Post-quantum cryptography is essential for systems requiring long-term confidentiality, as adversaries may record encrypted communications today and decrypt them once quantum computers become available.	Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is a public-key cryptosystem based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields. Proposed independently by Neal Koblitz and Victor Miller in 1985, ECC offers equivalent security to RSA with much smaller key sizes. Modern cryptography increasingly favors ECC for its efficiency: a 256-bit ECC key provides security comparable to a 2048-bit RSA key, making it ideal for constrained environments and high-performance systems.	RSA is a foundational public-key cryptosystem developed by Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman in 1978. It enables secure encryption and digital signatures by using a pair of mathematically linked keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. RSA's security relies on the computational difficulty of factoring large composite numbers into their prime factors.