So sánh phương pháp

	Phát triển thang đo đa cấp	Phát triển Thang đo Thứ tự
Lĩnh vực	Trắc lượng tâm lý	Trắc lượng tâm lý
Họ	Latent structure	Latent structure
Năm ra đời	1969–1982	1932 (Likert format); 1990s–2000s (ordinal-specific psychometric methods)
Người khởi xướng	Samejima, F.; Masters, G. N. (independently)	Rensis Likert (foundational ordinal response format); modern ordinal methodology codified by DeVellis and Finney & DiStefano
Loại	Psychometric scale construction	Scale construction methodology
Công trình gốc	Embretson, S. E. & Reise, S. P. (2000). Item Response Theory for Psychologists. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805828191	DeVellis, R. F. (2017). Scale Development: Theory and Applications (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-1506341569
Tên gọi khác	polytomous item development, ordered-category scale construction, rating scale development, multi-category item development	Likert scale development, ordinal measurement scale construction, ordinal item development, polytomous scale construction
Liên quan	6	5
Tóm tắt	Polytomous scale development is the systematic construction and validation of measurement instruments whose items have three or more ordered response categories — such as Likert-type, rating, or partial-credit items. It applies polytomous item response theory models or ordinal factor analysis methods to evaluate item quality, estimate latent trait levels, and build a psychometrically sound scale.	Ordinal scale development is the systematic construction and validation of multi-item measurement instruments whose response options form an ordered but not necessarily equal-interval sequence — most commonly Likert-type formats (e.g., 1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree). It applies psychometric techniques that respect the ordinal nature of items rather than treating them as continuous.