So sánh phương pháp

	Thang đo Lòng tin Chính trị	Thang đo hoài nghi cử tri
Lĩnh vực	Tâm lý học chính trị	Tâm lý học chính trị
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1974	1960
Người khởi xướng	Arthur H. Miller	Angus Campbell et al.
Loại	Self-report	Self-report
Công trình gốc	Miller, A. H. (1974). Political issues and trust in government: 1964-1970. American Political Science Review, 68(3), 951-972.	Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1960). The American voter. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Tên gọi khác	PTS, Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) Trust Module	PCS, Political Efficacy Cynicism, Electoral System Cynicism
Liên quan	3	3
Tóm tắt	The Political Trust Scale measures citizen confidence in government institutions, elected officials, and the political system's responsiveness and fairness. Pioneered by Miller (1974) and operationalized across comparative electoral studies (CSES Module 5), the scale captures both diffuse trust (in the political system generally) and specific trust (in particular institutions such as parliament or the executive). It is central to understanding democratic legitimacy, political engagement, and support for democratic institutions.	The Voter Cynicism Scale measures citizen skepticism and disillusionment regarding the political process, including beliefs that the electoral system is rigged, politicians are self-serving, and voting does not matter. The measure captures a pessimistic orientation toward electoral democracy distinct from distrust in institutions (which can coexist with belief in democratic potential) or political alienation. Rooted in Campbell et al.'s American Voter (1960) tradition of measuring political efficacy and cynicism, the scale remains central to understanding voter turnout decline, support for populist alternatives, and democratic legitimacy crises.