So sánh phương pháp

	Mã hóa cực với giải mã triệt tiêu liên tiếp	Mã kiểm tra chẵn lẻ mật độ thấp (LDPC)
Lĩnh vực	Viễn thông	Viễn thông
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2009	1962
Người khởi xướng	Erdal Arikan	Robert Gallager
Loại	recursive error-correcting code	linear error-correcting code
Công trình gốc	Arikan, E. (2009). Channel polarization: A method for constructing capacity-achieving codes for symmetric binary-input memoryless channels. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 55(7), 3051-3073.	Gallager, R. G. (1962). Low-density parity-check codes. IRE Transactions on Information Theory, 8(1), 21-28.
Tên gọi khác	channel polarization, recursive codes	sparse codes, belief propagation codes
Liên quan	5	5
Tóm tắt	Polar codes, introduced by Erdal Arikan in 2009, are the first constructive family of codes proven to achieve the Shannon capacity of symmetric binary-input memoryless channels. They use recursive construction and successive cancellation decoding, a simple greedy algorithm with theoretical guarantees. Polar codes were adopted in 5G NR for control channel coding and are studied for future 6G systems. Unlike turbo and LDPC codes (which are empirical), polar codes provide rigorous theoretical foundations.	LDPC codes, invented by Robert Gallager in 1962 and rediscovered in the 1990s by MacKay, are linear error-correcting codes defined by sparse parity-check matrices. They achieve performance within 0.4 dB of the Shannon limit with iterative belief-propagation decoding and have become the standard for modern wireless (WiFi-6, 5G NR, Digital Video Broadcasting). Unlike turbo codes, LDPC codes have a more elegant graph-theoretic structure and more mature theoretical analysis.