So sánh phương pháp

	Thử nghiệm đối chứng ngẫu nhiên thí điểm	Thử nghiệm đối chứng ngẫu nhiên bắt chéo
Lĩnh vực	Thiết kế thí nghiệm	Thiết kế thí nghiệm
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1990s–2000s (methodological formalization)	1960s (Grizzle 1965 for statistical foundations); widely used in clinical research since the 1970s
Người khởi xướng	Formalized through clinical trials methodology community	Early formalized by statisticians including Bradford Hill and colleagues in clinical trials; theoretical framework developed by Grizzle (1965) and later Senn (2002)
Loại	Experimental feasibility design	Experimental within-subject design
Công trình gốc	Thabane, L., Ma, J., Chu, R., Cheng, J., Ismaila, A., Rios, L. P., ... & Goldsmith, C. H. (2010). A tutorial on pilot studies: the what, why and how. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 10(1), 1.	Senn, S. (2002). Cross-over Trials in Clinical Research (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471496533
Tên gọi khác	pilot RCT, feasibility RCT, pilot trial, preliminary RCT	crossover RCT, crossover trial, within-subject RCT, AB/BA crossover design
Liên quan	5	5
Tóm tắt	A pilot randomized controlled trial (pilot RCT) is a small-scale, fully randomized experiment conducted before a definitive RCT to test the feasibility of study procedures, estimate key parameters such as recruitment rates and effect-size variability, and identify practical barriers. It uses the same randomization, intervention, and measurement protocol as the planned full trial but on a fraction of the target sample. The goal is not to confirm efficacy but to refine and justify the main trial design.	A crossover randomized controlled trial (crossover RCT) is an experimental design in which each participant receives all study interventions in a randomized sequence, separated by a washout period. Because every participant serves as their own control, within-subject variability is eliminated from the treatment comparison, yielding greater statistical power per participant than a parallel-group RCT of equal size.