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| Phương trình Penman-Monteith× | Đường cong ẩm độ đất× | |
|---|---|---|
| Lĩnh vực | Nông học | Nông học |
| Họ | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Năm ra đời≠ | 1948-1965 | 1956-1980 |
| Người khởi xướng≠ | Howard Latimer Penman, John Monteith | Willard Robert Gardner, Rollin H. Brooks, Arthur T. Corey |
| Loại≠ | Mechanistic evapotranspiration model | Empirical soil water retention model |
| Công trình gốc≠ | Penman, H. L. (1948). Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 193(1032), 120-145. DOI ↗ | Gardner, W. R. (1956). Representation of soil aggregate-size distribution by a logarithmic-normal distribution. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 20(2), 151-153. DOI ↗ |
| Tên gọi khác≠ | PM Equation, FAO-56 PM, Evapotranspiration Model | Water Retention Curve, pF Curve, Characteristic Curve, SWRC |
| Liên quan | 3 | 3 |
| Tóm tắt≠ | The Penman-Monteith equation is a mechanistic model for estimating evapotranspiration (ET), the combined loss of water from soil and plant canopies to the atmosphere. First proposed by Penman (1948) for bare soil and water surfaces, then extended by Monteith (1965) to incorporate plant resistance to water vapor diffusion, it has become the international standard for water balance studies, crop water requirement calculation, and hydrological modeling. | The soil moisture curve (or soil water retention curve, SWRC) describes the relationship between soil water content and soil matric potential (water tension). It characterizes how tightly water is bound in pores of different sizes: large pores drain at low tensions (wet soils), while smaller pores retain water at high tensions (dry soils). Quantifying this relationship is essential for water balance modeling, unsaturated flow prediction, and assessing plant-available water. |
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