So sánh phương pháp

	Participatory Mapping	Time Allocation Study
Lĩnh vực	Anthropology	Anthropology
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1994	1984
Người khởi xướng	Participatory rural appraisal tradition (Chambers)	Ecological and economic anthropology (synthesized by Gross)
Loại	Participatory method in which community members produce maps of their own space	Research design for characterizing how people allocate time across activities
Công trình gốc	Chambers, R. (1994). The origins and practice of participatory rural appraisal. World Development, 22(7), 953–969.	Gross, D. R. (1984). Time allocation: a tool for the study of cultural behavior. Annual Review of Anthropology, 13, 519–558.
Tên gọi khác	Community Mapping, Participatory GIS, PGIS, Counter-Mapping	Time Allocation Research, Time Use Study, Time Budget Study, Activity Allocation Study
Liên quan	4	4
Tóm tắt	Participatory mapping is a family of methods in which community members themselves create maps of their territory, resources, land use, and boundaries — sketched on the ground or paper, drawn to scale, or built in a geographic information system. Rather than the researcher mapping the community from outside, local people hold the pen, so the map encodes their own spatial knowledge, categories, and claims. The products range from rough sketch maps made in an afternoon to participatory GIS (PGIS) layers that can stand in formal land negotiations.	A time-allocation study is an anthropological research design that measures how people distribute their time across the activities of daily life — subsistence, domestic work, child care, leisure, ritual, and rest — in order to characterize a community's economy and way of life quantitatively. Data are gathered by directly observing what people do (through random spot checks or continuous focal observation) or by collecting recall diaries, and the activities are then expressed as shares of the total time budget. The result is an empirical portrait of how labor and leisure are organized and divided.