So sánh phương pháp

	Phương pháp hỗn hợp tuần tự khám phá có sự tham gia	Thiết kế phương pháp hỗn hợp đa cấp
Lĩnh vực	Thiết kế nghiên cứu	Thiết kế nghiên cứu
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2007–2011 (participatory variant codified in Creswell & Plano Clark's typology expansions)	Late 1990s–2000s
Người khởi xướng	John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark (exploratory sequential base); Donna M. Mertens (participatory/transformative lens)	Bonnie Nastasi, John Hitchcock, and collaborators; systematized by Creswell & Plano Clark
Loại	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
Công trình gốc	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-1483344379	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1483357829
Tên gọi khác	participatory QUAN→QUAL design, community-based exploratory sequential design, participatory two-phase mixed methods, QUAL→QUAN participatory design	multilevel MMR, nested mixed methods, hierarchical mixed methods design, cross-level mixed methods
Liên quan	5	5
Tóm tắt	Participatory exploratory sequential mixed methods is a two-phase design in which an initial qualitative phase — conducted with and by community members — generates findings that are used to build or refine a quantitative instrument or intervention, which is then tested in a second phase. The participatory lens ensures that affected communities co-own the research agenda, the data, and the interpretation throughout both phases.	Multilevel mixed methods design is a research approach that collects and integrates both quantitative and qualitative data at two or more distinct levels of a social or organizational hierarchy — for example, individuals nested within classrooms, classrooms within schools, or patients within healthcare teams. By pairing quantitative measurement of outcomes at one level with qualitative exploration of meaning at another, researchers gain a richer, more complete picture than either strand alone could provide.