So sánh phương pháp

	Participatory Digital Ethnography	Digital Ethnography
Lĩnh vực	Định tính	Định tính
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2000s–2010s	Late 1990s – 2000s
Người khởi xướng	Sarah Pink and colleagues; building on Christine Hine's virtual ethnography and Kemmis & McTaggart's participatory action research traditions	Christine Hine (virtual ethnography); Robert V. Kozinets (netnography)
Loại	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research method
Công trình gốc	Pink, S., Horst, H., Postill, J., Hjorth, L., Lewis, T., & Tacchi, J. (2016). Digital Ethnography: Principles and Practice. Sage. ISBN: 978-1446200957	Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875228
Tên gọi khác	PDE, collaborative digital ethnography, participatory online ethnography, participatory virtual ethnography	online ethnography, virtual ethnography, internet ethnography, netnography
Liên quan	3	6
Tóm tắt	Participatory Digital Ethnography (PDE) is a qualitative research design that combines the immersive observation of digital ethnography with the collaborative, co-inquiry stance of participatory action research. Researchers work alongside community members within digital environments — social media platforms, online forums, gaming worlds, or hybrid digital-physical spaces — co-producing knowledge rather than studying participants from a detached observer position.	Digital ethnography is a qualitative research method that adapts traditional ethnographic fieldwork to online and digitally mediated settings. Drawing on sustained participant observation, document collection, and sometimes interviews, the researcher immerses themselves in one or more digital communities — social media platforms, forums, gaming spaces, or messaging groups — to understand how culture, identity, and social practice are constructed through digital interaction. The approach recognises that online spaces are not merely reflections of offline life but distinctive sites of cultural production in their own right.