So sánh phương pháp

	Dữ liệu bảng Khác biệt-trong-Khác biệt (Panel DiD / TWFE)	Phương pháp Kiểm soát Tổng hợp (SCM)
Lĩnh vực	Suy luận nhân quả	Suy luận nhân quả
Họ	Regression model	Regression model
Năm ra đời	1985–2004	2003–2010
Người khởi xướng	Ashenfelter & Card (1985); codified by Angrist & Pischke (2009); serial correlation critique by Bertrand, Duflo & Mullainathan (2004)	Alberto Abadie & Javier Gardeazabal (2003); Abadie, Diamond & Hainmueller (2010)
Loại	Causal inference / panel regression	Quasi-experimental causal inference
Công trình gốc	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355	Abadie, A., Diamond, A., & Hainmueller, J. (2010). Synthetic Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies: Estimating the Effect of California's Tobacco Control Program. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 105(490), 493-505.
Tên gọi khác	Two-Way Fixed Effects DiD, TWFE, Panel DiD, Panel Diff-in-Diff	SCM, synthetic control, synth estimator, Abadie-Diamond-Hainmueller method
Liên quan	4	4
Tóm tắt	Panel Data Difference-in-Differences extends the classic two-period DiD design to settings with multiple units observed across many time periods. By absorbing unit-level fixed effects and time fixed effects simultaneously, it isolates the causal effect of a treatment or policy change while controlling for both time-invariant unit heterogeneity and common time shocks affecting all units.	The Synthetic Control Method estimates the causal effect of a treatment or policy on a single treated unit by constructing a weighted combination of untreated units — the synthetic control — that closely resembles the treated unit before the intervention. The gap between the treated unit and its synthetic counterpart after the intervention is the estimated treatment effect.