So sánh phương pháp

	Thang đo Cảm xúc Tích cực và Tiêu cực (PANAS)	Thang đo Lo âu Trầm cảm Căng thẳng-21 (DASS-21)	Thang đánh giá lo âu Hamilton (HAM-A)
Lĩnh vực	Tâm lý học lâm sàng	Tâm lý học lâm sàng	Tâm lý học lâm sàng
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1988	1995	1959
Người khởi xướng	David Watson, Lee Anna Clark, and Auke Tellegen	Stephen H. Lovibond and Peter F. Lovibond	Max Hamilton
Loại	Mood and affect self-assessment	Three-dimensional mental health screening	Clinician-administered anxiety assessment
Công trình gốc	Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070.	Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia.	Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32(1), 50-55.
Tên gọi khác	PANAS, PANAS-X	DASS-21, DASS, DASS-42	HAM-A, HARS
Liên quan	5	5	5
Tóm tắt	The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a brief, efficient self-report measure of mood and emotional affect. Developed by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen in 1988, it assesses two independent dimensions: positive affect (enthusiasm, attentiveness, interest) and negative affect (distress, anxiety, anger). The 20-item standard version is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring emotion in research and clinical contexts.	The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring three correlated but distinct dimensions of psychological distress: depression, anxiety, and stress. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-21 is a short form of the original 42-item DASS. It has become widely used in research and clinical settings for its brevity, multidimensional structure, and strong psychometric properties.	The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a clinician-administered assessment tool for quantifying the severity of anxiety symptoms in adults. Developed by Max Hamilton in 1959, it remains one of the most widely used instruments for evaluating anxiety in clinical and research settings. The scale measures both psychological and somatic manifestations of anxiety across 14 items.