So sánh phương pháp

	IAD Framework	Participatory GIS
Lĩnh vực	Environmental Sociology	Development Studies
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2011	2006
Người khởi xướng	Elinor Ostrom and colleagues (Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis)	Robert Chambers; Jon Corbett; PGIS practitioner community
Loại	Diagnostic framework for institutional analysis of collective action	Participatory spatial data and mapping approach
Công trình gốc	Ostrom, E. (2011). Background on the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework. Policy Studies Journal, 39(1), 7-27.	Chambers, R. (2006). Participatory Mapping and Geographic Information Systems: Whose Map? Who is Empowered and Who Disempowered? Who Gains and Who Loses? The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 25(1), 1-11.
Tên gọi khác	Institutional Analysis and Development Framework, Ostrom IAD Framework, Action-Situation Analysis, Workshop Institutional Analysis	PGIS, PPGIS, Participatory mapping with GIS, Community mapping
Liên quan	3	4
Tóm tắt	The Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework is a general diagnostic language for studying how rules, physical conditions, and community attributes shape human interaction in any collective-action setting. Developed over decades by Elinor Ostrom and colleagues at the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, it places the action situation at its center: the social space where actors in positions take actions under given information, control, and payoffs to produce outcomes. The framework's organizing claim is that this action situation is structured by three sets of exogenous factors, the biophysical conditions, the attributes of the community, and the rules-in-use, and that analysts can explain and compare outcomes by examining how these factors configure the situation. Far from a single theory, the IAD framework is a multi-tier scaffolding into which specific theories and models can be slotted, which is why it has been applied to commons, public goods, federalism, and policy across many fields.	Participatory Geographic Information Systems (PGIS), and the related Public Participation GIS (PPGIS), are approaches in which communities themselves create and use spatial data and maps to represent local spatial knowledge for resource management, land and resource tenure, and planning. Spanning a continuum from sketch mapping with sticks and stones on the ground to georeferenced data held in formal GIS, the approach merges the empowering ethos of participatory development, articulated by Robert Chambers, with the analytical and communicative power of geographic information technology.