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| Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)× | Giao thức Cổng Biên (BGP)× | Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lĩnh vực | Viễn thông | Viễn thông | Viễn thông |
| Họ | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Năm ra đời≠ | 1998 | 1989 | 2001 |
| Người khởi xướng≠ | John Moy | IETF Routing Protocols Working Group | IETF MPLS Working Group |
| Loại≠ | link-state routing protocol | path-vector routing protocol | label-based forwarding paradigm |
| Công trình gốc≠ | Moy, J. T. (1998). OSPF Version 2. RFC 2328. link ↗ | Rekhter, Y., Li, T., & Hares, S. (2006). A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4). RFC 4271. link ↗ | Rosen, E. C., Viswanathan, A., & Callon, R. (2001). Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture. RFC 3031. link ↗ |
| Tên gọi khác | link-state routing, intra-domain routing | exterior gateway protocol, inter-domain routing | label switching, traffic engineering |
| Liên quan≠ | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| Tóm tắt≠ | OSPF is a link-state interior gateway protocol (IGP) for routing within an autonomous system. Introduced by John Moy in 1998, OSPF converges faster than distance-vector protocols and supports equal-cost multipath (ECMP). It remains widely deployed in enterprise and ISP networks for intra-domain routing, though IS-IS is increasingly preferred in large backbones. | BGP is the de facto standard routing protocol for interconnecting autonomous systems (ASs) on the Internet. Since its introduction in 1989, BGP has scaled the Internet to millions of routers and trillions of destinations. BGP is path-vector-based, using a flexible policy system to control route propagation and selection. While BGP convergence can be slow and policies complex, it remains the only viable protocol for Internet-scale inter-domain routing. | Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a forwarding paradigm that prepends a short label to packets, enabling routers to make forwarding decisions based on the label rather than IP destination address. Introduced by IETF (2001), MPLS was designed to enable traffic engineering, VPN creation, and fast rerouting in IP networks. While MPLS complexity is high, it remains foundational in service provider backbones for traffic engineering and Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning. |
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