So sánh phương pháp

	Bài báo nghiên cứu gốc	Cấu trúc IMRaD: Giới thiệu, Phương pháp, Kết quả và Thảo luận
Lĩnh vực	Viết học thuật	Viết học thuật
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1665	1970
Người khởi xướng	Scientific research community	International scientific publishing community (adopted widely by 1970s)
Loại	Document Type	Guideline
Công trình gốc	International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (2023). Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. ICMJE.	International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (2023). Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals.
Tên gọi khác	research paper, empirical article, primary research, journal article	IMRaD, IMRAD, scientific manuscript structure
Liên quan	5	5
Tóm tắt	An original research article is the primary vehicle for reporting new empirical findings in a discipline. Following the IMRaD structure (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion), it represents a researcher's novel data, analysis, and interpretation. The journal article format has been the gold standard for scientific communication since the establishment of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in 1665.	IMRaD is the standard organizational framework for scientific manuscripts in biomedical and natural sciences research. It separates reporting into four sequential sections—Introduction (why the research was conducted), Methods (how it was done), Results (what was found), and Discussion (what the findings mean)—enabling readers to understand, evaluate, and reproduce the work. Adopted as best practice by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) since the 1970s, IMRaD structure is now mandated or strongly recommended by most peer-reviewed journals.