So sánh phương pháp

	Tính hợp lệ pháp lý theo thứ bậc	Kiểm định Bất biến Đo lường Thứ bậc
Lĩnh vực	Trắc lượng tâm lý	Trắc lượng tâm lý
Họ	Latent structure	Latent structure
Năm ra đời	1955 (concept); ordinal application 1990s–present	1984–2011
Người khởi xướng	Cronbach & Meehl (nomological network concept); ordinal extension in modern psychometrics	Roger Millsap; Bengt Muthén
Loại	Validity assessment	Multi-group model comparison
Công trình gốc	Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52(4), 281–302.	Millsap, R. E. (2011). Statistical Approaches to Measurement Invariance. Routledge. ISBN: 978-1848728936
Tên gọi khác	nomological validity for ordinal data, ordinal nomological network, construct network validity (ordinal), ordinal criterion-related validity	ordinal MI, measurement invariance for ordinal data, ordinal CFA invariance, categorical measurement invariance
Liên quan	5	6
Tóm tắt	Ordinal nomological validity examines whether a construct measured with ordinal items (e.g., Likert-type scales) behaves in theoretically predicted ways within a nomological network — a web of expected relationships with other constructs and criteria — using methods suited to ordinal data rather than assuming continuous measurement.	Ordinal measurement invariance testing evaluates whether a multi-group confirmatory factor model holds equivalent measurement properties across groups when scale items are ordinal — such as Likert-type response scales. It uses polychoric correlations and categorical estimators (WLSMV/DWLS) rather than Pearson-based methods, correcting the systematic bias that arises when ordinal data are treated as continuous.