So sánh phương pháp

	Thang đo Hướng so sánh xã hội Iowa-Hà Lan	Thang đo So sánh Xã hội (Bối cảnh Trực tuyến)
Lĩnh vực	Tâm lý học mạng xã hội	Tâm lý học mạng xã hội
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1999	2015
Người khởi xướng	Frederick X. Gibbons and Bram P. Buunk	Various researchers (Vogel, Wang, Suls & Wheeler)
Loại	Self-report	Self-report
Công trình gốc	Gibbons, F. X., & Buunk, B. P. (1999). Individual differences in social comparison: Development of a scale of social comparison orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(1), 129–142.	Wang, J. L., Wang, H. Z., Gaskin, J., & Wang, S. (2015). The role of stress and motivation in social networking sites adoption: From a perspective of uses and gratifications theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 24–32.
Tên gọi khác	INCOM, Gibbons-Buunk	USCS, Social Comparison Orientation Online
Liên quan	4	4
Tóm tắt	The Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM) is an 11-item self-report scale that assesses individual differences in the tendency to engage in social comparison—comparing oneself to others on abilities, attributes, and outcomes. Developed by Gibbons and Buunk in 1999, it captures both upward comparison (to those perceived as superior) and downward comparison (to those perceived as inferior), providing a trait-like measure of this fundamental social motivation.	The Social Comparison Scale for online contexts measures the frequency and intensity with which individuals compare themselves to peers on social media platforms, with emphasis on upward comparison (to those perceived as superior in attractiveness, success, wealth). Developed and refined by researchers including Vogel and Wang in the 2010s, this scale specifically captures social media-driven comparison processes distinct from general social comparison orientation.