So sánh phương pháp

	Quan sát tham dự trực tuyến	Nhóm tập trung trực tuyến
Lĩnh vực	Phương pháp luận khảo sát	Phương pháp luận khảo sát
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	Late 1990s–2000s	1946 (focus groups); online variant ~1990s–2000s
Người khởi xướng	Christine Hine (virtual ethnography); Robert Kozinets (netnography)	Robert Merton & Patricia Kendall (focus group origins); online adaptation by scholars including Stewart & Shamdasani in the 1990s
Loại	Qualitative data collection method	Qualitative group data collection
Công trình gốc	Hine, C. (2000). Virtual Ethnography. SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-0761958956	Stewart, D. W., & Shamdasani, P. N. (2017). Online Focus Groups. Journal of Advertising, 46(1), 48–60.
Tên gọi khác	virtual participant observation, digital ethnographic observation, cyber participant observation, internet participant observation	virtual focus group, internet focus group, OFG, web-based focus group
Liên quan	5	5
Tóm tắt	Online participant observation is a qualitative data collection method in which the researcher enters a digital community or online environment — forums, social media groups, multiplayer games, virtual workplaces — both as a participant and as an observer, systematically documenting social interactions, practices, and meanings as they naturally unfold in the digital space.	An online focus group is a moderated group discussion conducted via internet-based platforms — video conferencing, text chat, or asynchronous forums — to explore shared perceptions, attitudes, and experiences on a defined topic. It inherits the group-interaction dynamics of the traditional focus group while removing geographic barriers and enabling data collection from dispersed or hard-to-reach populations.