So sánh phương pháp

	Quá trình Gaussian Trực tuyến	Tối ưu hóa Gradient Ngẫu nhiên (Stochastic Gradient Descent - SGD)
Lĩnh vực	Học máy	Học máy
Họ	Machine learning	Machine learning
Năm ra đời	2002	1951
Người khởi xướng	Csató, L. & Opper, M.	Robbins, H. & Monro, S.
Loại	Bayesian nonparametric model (sequential/online)	First-order iterative optimization algorithm
Công trình gốc	Csató, L. & Opper, M. (2002). Sparse on-line Gaussian processes. Neural Computation, 14(3), 641–668.	Robbins, H. & Monro, S. (1951). A Stochastic Approximation Method. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 22(3), 400–407.
Tên gọi khác	OGP, sparse online GP, sequential Gaussian process, incremental Gaussian process	SGD, online gradient descent, incremental gradient descent, mini-batch gradient descent
Liên quan	3	3
Tóm tắt	Online Gaussian Process (OGP) extends the Bayesian nonparametric GP framework to streaming or sequentially arriving data. Instead of recomputing the full GP posterior from scratch as each observation arrives, OGP maintains a compact summary — a sparse set of inducing points — and updates it incrementally, making probabilistic regression and classification feasible in real-time and large-scale settings.	Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is a first-order iterative optimization algorithm, rooted in the stochastic approximation framework introduced by Robbins and Monro in 1951, that minimizes an objective function by updating model parameters using the gradient computed on a single randomly selected training example (or a small mini-batch) at each step. It is the core optimization engine behind modern machine learning and deep learning, enabling the training of models on datasets too large to fit in memory.