So sánh phương pháp

	Nghiên cứu cắt ngang đa biến	Nghiên cứu Dài hạn
Lĩnh vực	Thiết kế nghiên cứu	Thiết kế nghiên cứu
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1960s–1970s (formalized with widespread multivariate methods)	Late 19th–early 20th century; methodologically codified through the 20th century
Người khởi xướng	Developed from the convergence of survey methodology (Kerlinger) and multivariate statistics (Tabachnick, Fidell)	No single originator; foundational methodological treatments by Stuart Menard and Judith Singer & John Willett
Loại	Quantitative observational design	Quantitative (or mixed) observational research design
Công trình gốc	Kerlinger, F. N., & Lee, H. B. (2000). Foundations of Behavioral Research (4th ed.). Harcourt College Publishers. ISBN: 978-0155078970	Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922841
Tên gọi khác	multivariate survey design, multi-variable cross-sectional study, MXSR, multivariate observational study	longitudinal study, longitudinal design, prospective longitudinal study, repeated-measures observational study
Liên quan	3	4
Tóm tắt	Multivariate cross-sectional research collects data on multiple variables from a defined population at a single point in time and uses multivariate statistical techniques — such as multiple regression, MANOVA, factor analysis, or structural equation modeling — to examine simultaneous relationships among those variables. It combines the efficiency of a cross-sectional snapshot with the analytical power to handle complex, multi-variable research questions in a single study.	Longitudinal research is an observational design in which the same participants, groups, or units are measured repeatedly over an extended period. Rather than capturing a single snapshot, it tracks change, stability, and temporal sequencing of variables — making it the primary non-experimental strategy for studying development, growth, decline, and the unfolding of causal processes across time.