So sánh phương pháp

	Multiple Streams Analysis	Narrative Policy Framework
Lĩnh vực	Public Policy	Public Policy
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1984	2010
Người khởi xướng	John W. Kingdon	Michael D. Jones & Mark K. McBeth
Loại	Theory of agenda setting and the policy process	Theory of the policy process emphasising policy narratives
Công trình gốc	Kingdon, J. W. (1984). Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies. New York: Longman. ISBN: 9780321121851	Jones, M. D., & McBeth, M. K. (2010). A narrative policy framework: Clear enough to be wrong? Policy Studies Journal, 38(2), 329–353.
Tên gọi khác	MSF, Multiple Streams Framework, Kingdon Multiple Streams, Policy Windows Analysis	NPF, Jones-McBeth Narrative Policy Framework, Policy Narrative Analysis
Liên quan	4	4
Tóm tắt	The Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) is a theory of agenda setting and policy change developed by John Kingdon in his 1984 book Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies. It explains why some issues rise to prominence and some solutions are adopted while others languish, by modelling the policy process as three largely independent 'streams' — problems, policies, and politics — that flow through the system. Change becomes possible when these streams are joined together at a fleeting 'policy window', often through the efforts of a 'policy entrepreneur'. The framework emphasises ambiguity, timing and chance over orderly, rational problem-solving.	The Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) is a theory of the policy process, introduced by Michael D. Jones and Mark K. McBeth in 2010, that treats policy narratives as a measurable, central force in policymaking. Against the long-held view that narratives are purely subjective and beyond empirical study, the NPF holds that policy stories have an identifiable structure — setting, characters, plot and a moral or policy solution — and content shaped by belief systems, and that this structure can be coded and tested systematically. It studies how such narratives shape opinion and policy outcomes across the individual, group and cultural-institutional levels.