So sánh phương pháp

	Thiết kế nghiên cứu trường hợp đa dạng	Nghiên cứu hành động
Lĩnh vực	Định tính	Nghiên cứu định tính
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1980s–1990s (Yin's first edition 1984; Stake's collective case study concept 1995)	1946
Người khởi xướng	Robert K. Yin (systematic replication logic); Robert E. Stake (naturalistic/collective case tradition)	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury
Loại	Qualitative research method	Method
Công trình gốc	Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.
Tên gọi khác	comparative case study, multi-site case study, collective case study, cross-case analysis	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry
Liên quan	6	1
Tóm tắt	Multiple-case study design investigates two or more bounded real-world cases using the same research protocol, then compares findings across cases to identify patterns, contrasts, and explanatory insights that a single case could not produce. Developed primarily through Robert Yin's replication logic and Robert Stake's collective case tradition, the approach is particularly powerful when a researcher needs to determine whether a phenomenon occurs under varied conditions or to test an emerging theoretical explanation against rival contexts.	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.