So sánh phương pháp

	Lấy mẫu điển hình đa cấp	Lấy mẫu Biến thiên Tối đa
Lĩnh vực	Phương pháp luận khảo sát	Phương pháp luận khảo sát
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1990s–2000s	1985 (Lincoln & Guba); elaborated 1990–2002 (Patton)
Người khởi xướng	Draws on Patton (typical case sampling) and multilevel research traditions (Hox, Raudenbush)	Lincoln & Guba; systematised by Michael Quinn Patton
Loại	Purposive sampling strategy	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy
Công trình gốc	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. Chapter 5: Purposeful Sampling. ISBN: 978-0761919711
Tên gọi khác	multilevel typical case selection, hierarchical typical case sampling, nested typical case sampling	maximum variation sampling, maximum diversity sampling, MVS, heterogeneous sampling
Liên quan	6	5
Tóm tắt	Multi-level typical case sampling is a purposive strategy that selects representative, average-profile units at each level of a hierarchical structure — for example, typical classrooms within typical schools, or typical employees within typical departments. It is used when the research goal is to describe or illustrate the ordinary functioning of a nested phenomenon rather than to capture its extremes or full variation.	Maximum variation sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects cases that span the widest possible range of variation on dimensions central to the study. The goal is not statistical representation but the identification of common patterns that cut across diverse cases as well as the documentation of the unique ways each context shapes the phenomenon under investigation.