So sánh phương pháp

	Mô hình Rasch đa nhóm	Kiểm định tính bất biến của phép đo đa nhóm
Lĩnh vực	Trắc lượng tâm lý	Trắc lượng tâm lý
Họ	Latent structure	Latent structure
Năm ra đời	1960 (Rasch); 1980s–1990s (multi-group extensions)	1971–1993
Người khởi xướng	Georg Rasch (single-group); extended to multi-group applications by Fischer, Molenaar, and others	Jöreskog, K. G. (1971); Meredith, W. (1993)
Loại	Item response model / measurement invariance test	Model comparison / hypothesis testing
Công trình gốc	Fischer, G. H. & Molenaar, I. W. (Eds.) (1995). Rasch Models: Foundations, Recent Developments, and Applications. Springer. ISBN: 978-0387944296	Vandenberg, R. J. & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4–70.
Tên gọi khác	MG-Rasch, Rasch measurement invariance, multi-group 1PL IRT, cross-group Rasch analysis	measurement invariance, factorial invariance, cross-group invariance, MI testing
Liên quan	6	6
Tóm tắt	The multi-group Rasch model fits the one-parameter logistic item response model simultaneously across two or more distinct groups, testing whether item difficulty parameters are invariant across groups. It is the primary psychometric tool for establishing that a scale measures the same latent trait with the same metric in each group, a prerequisite for meaningful score comparisons.	Multi-group measurement invariance testing examines whether a latent construct is measured in the same way across two or more distinct groups — such as cultures, genders, or age cohorts. It is a prerequisite for meaningful group comparisons of latent means or relationships, ensuring that observed score differences reflect true differences rather than measurement artifacts.