So sánh phương pháp

	Kiểm định tính bất biến của phép đo đa nhóm	Phân tích nhân tố khám phá đa nhóm (MGEFA)
Lĩnh vực	Trắc lượng tâm lý	Trắc lượng tâm lý
Họ	Latent structure	Latent structure
Năm ra đời	1971–1993	1981
Người khởi xướng	Jöreskog, K. G. (1971); Meredith, W. (1993)	Muthén & Christoffersson
Loại	Model comparison / hypothesis testing	Latent variable / multi-group dimension reduction
Công trình gốc	Vandenberg, R. J. & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4–70.	Muthén, B. & Christoffersson, A. (1981). Simultaneous factor analysis of dichotomous variables in several groups. Psychometrika, 46(4), 407–419.
Tên gọi khác	measurement invariance, factorial invariance, cross-group invariance, MI testing	MGEFA, multi-sample exploratory factor analysis, simultaneous EFA across groups, exploratory factor analysis with multiple groups
Liên quan	6	6
Tóm tắt	Multi-group measurement invariance testing examines whether a latent construct is measured in the same way across two or more distinct groups — such as cultures, genders, or age cohorts. It is a prerequisite for meaningful group comparisons of latent means or relationships, ensuring that observed score differences reflect true differences rather than measurement artifacts.	Multi-group exploratory factor analysis estimates the latent factor structure of a set of items separately within each of two or more groups and then examines whether the discovered structures are consistent across groups. It is used to explore dimensionality before imposing invariance constraints, and to diagnose group-specific factor patterns that would invalidate cross-group comparisons.