So sánh phương pháp

	Phân tích mục theo nhóm đa dạng	Kiểm định tính bất biến của phép đo đa nhóm
Lĩnh vực	Trắc lượng tâm lý	Trắc lượng tâm lý
Họ	Latent structure	Latent structure
Năm ra đời	1986	1971–1993
Người khởi xướng	Classical test theory tradition; systematised by Crocker & Algina (1986)	Jöreskog, K. G. (1971); Meredith, W. (1993)
Loại	Comparative item-level analysis	Model comparison / hypothesis testing
Công trình gốc	Crocker, L. & Algina, J. (1986). Introduction to Classical and Modern Test Theory. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN: 978-0030616341	Vandenberg, R. J. & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4–70.
Tên gọi khác	MGIA, group-comparative item analysis, subgroup item analysis, cross-group item analysis	measurement invariance, factorial invariance, cross-group invariance, MI testing
Liên quan	6	6
Tóm tắt	Multi-group item analysis computes classical item statistics — difficulty, discrimination, and corrected item-total correlations — separately for each subgroup in a sample and then compares those statistics across groups. It is a standard diagnostic step in scale development and test fairness evaluation, revealing items that behave differently for men versus women, across age cohorts, or across cultural groups before more formal DIF testing.	Multi-group measurement invariance testing examines whether a latent construct is measured in the same way across two or more distinct groups — such as cultures, genders, or age cohorts. It is a prerequisite for meaningful group comparisons of latent means or relationships, ensuring that observed score differences reflect true differences rather than measurement artifacts.