So sánh phương pháp

	Vận chuyển Neutron & Hạt Monte Carlo	Thiết kế che chắn bức xạ
Lĩnh vực	Vật lý hạt nhân	Vật lý hạt nhân
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1949	1898
Người khởi xướng	Nicholas Metropolis, Stanislaw Ulam	Ernest Rutherford, Pierre Curie
Loại	probabilistic computational method	engineering design methodology
Công trình gốc	Metropolis, N., & Ulam, S. (1949). The Monte Carlo Method. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 44(247), 335–341.	Cember, H., & Johnson, T. E. (2009). Introduction to Health Physics (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Tên gọi khác	Monte Carlo simulation, stochastic transport, particle history method	shield analysis, attenuation design, dose reduction engineering
Liên quan	5	5
Tóm tắt	Monte Carlo neutron and particle transport is a stochastic simulation method that tracks individual particle histories through matter, developed by Metropolis and Ulam in 1949 during the Manhattan Project. By sampling random numbers to determine collision locations, energy transfers, and scattering angles, it produces unbiased estimates of reaction rates, flux distributions, and detector responses without discretizing angle or energy variables.	Radiation shielding design is an engineering discipline that uses physics-based calculations and materials selection to reduce radiation exposure to acceptable levels, originating from Curie and Rutherford's early radiation studies in the 1890s. By combining attenuation theory, source characterization, and dose modeling, it determines material composition, thickness, and geometry to protect workers, the public, and sensitive equipment.