So sánh phương pháp

	Đánh giá chương trình theo chiều dọc	Nghiên cứu Dài hạn
Lĩnh vực	Phương pháp thực địa	Thiết kế nghiên cứu
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1960s–1970s (program evaluation); longitudinal designs formalized 1970s–1980s	Late 19th–early 20th century; methodologically codified through the 20th century
Người khởi xướng	Peter Rossi, Michael Scriven, Donald Campbell (program evaluation tradition)	No single originator; foundational methodological treatments by Stuart Menard and Judith Singer & John Willett
Loại	Applied evaluation research design	Quantitative (or mixed) observational research design
Công trình gốc	Rossi, P. H., Lipsey, M. W., & Freeman, H. E. (2004). Evaluation: A Systematic Approach (7th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761908944	Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922841
Tên gọi khác	LPE, longitudinal evaluation, long-term program evaluation, prospective program evaluation	longitudinal study, longitudinal design, prospective longitudinal study, repeated-measures observational study
Liên quan	3	4
Tóm tắt	Longitudinal program evaluation is an applied research design that tracks the outcomes and processes of a program or intervention across multiple time points — from pre-implementation baseline through medium- and long-term follow-up. Unlike single-point evaluations, it captures how program effects emerge, fade, or evolve over time, enabling evaluators and funders to judge sustained impact, cost-effectiveness, and unintended consequences that would be invisible in a snapshot assessment.	Longitudinal research is an observational design in which the same participants, groups, or units are measured repeatedly over an extended period. Rather than capturing a single snapshot, it tracks change, stability, and temporal sequencing of variables — making it the primary non-experimental strategy for studying development, growth, decline, and the unfolding of causal processes across time.