So sánh phương pháp

	LISA	Mô hình Sai số Không gian (SEM)
Lĩnh vực	Phân tích không gian	Phân tích không gian
Họ	Regression model	Regression model
Năm ra đời	1995	1988
Người khởi xướng	Luc Anselin	Anselin
Loại	Local spatial autocorrelation statistic	Spatial regression (spatially autocorrelated errors)
Công trình gốc	Anselin, L. (1995). Local Indicators of Spatial Association — LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27(2), 93–115.	Anselin, L. (1988). Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Kluwer Academic.
Tên gọi khác	local Moran's I, local spatial autocorrelation, LISA cluster analysis, LISA — Yerel Uzamsal Otokorelasyon (Local Moran's I)	SEM, spatial error regression, spatial autoregressive error model, Uzamsal Hata Modeli (SEM / Spatial Error)
Liên quan	5	5
Tóm tắt	LISA, introduced by Luc Anselin in 1995, is a local statistic that computes spatial autocorrelation separately for every observation rather than for the map as a whole. It pinpoints where high or low values cluster and where spatial outliers sit, decomposing the global Moran's I into a contribution from each location.	The Spatial Error Model, developed within Anselin's spatial econometrics framework (1988), is a regression model that assumes spatial dependence enters through the error term: the disturbances of neighbouring units are correlated. It is used when unobserved shared factors make the errors of nearby observations move together, and it is estimated by maximum likelihood or GMM rather than ordinary least squares.