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| Đánh giá Vòng đời Sản phẩm (LCA)× | Phân tích Dòng vật chất (MFA)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Lĩnh vực | Tính bền vững | Tính bền vững |
| Họ | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Năm ra đời≠ | 2009 | 2004 |
| Người khởi xướng≠ | ISO 14040 framework; Finnveden et al. | Brunner & Rechberger |
| Loại≠ | Environmental impact accounting pipeline | Quantitative systems accounting method |
| Công trình gốc≠ | Finnveden, G., et al. (2009). Recent developments in life cycle assessment. Journal of Environmental Management, 91(1), 1–21. DOI ↗ | Brunner, P. H., & Rechberger, H. (2004). Practical Handbook of Material Flow Analysis. Lewis Publishers. ISBN: 978-1-56670-604-9 |
| Tên gọi khác | Life Cycle Analysis, Cradle-to-Grave Analysis, Ecobalance, Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi | Substance Flow Analysis, Bulk-MFA, Material Flux Analysis, Malzeme Akış Analizi |
| Liên quan | 3 | 3 |
| Tóm tắt≠ | Life Cycle Assessment is a systematic, ISO-standardized methodology for quantifying the environmental impacts of a product, process, or service across its entire life span — from raw material extraction through production, use, and end-of-life disposal. Codified in ISO 14040 and ISO 14044, and comprehensively reviewed by Finnveden et al. (2009), LCA enables decision-makers to compare alternatives, identify environmental hotspots, and support eco-design, with applications spanning products, buildings, energy systems, and public policy. | Material Flow Analysis (MFA) is a systematic method for quantifying the flows and stocks of materials within a defined system boundary over a specified time period. Introduced comprehensively by Paul H. Brunner and Helmut Rechberger in their 2004 handbook, MFA applies mass-balance principles to track how raw materials, products, wastes, and emissions move through industrial, urban, or national metabolisms, enabling evidence-based resource management and waste policy. |
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