So sánh phương pháp

	Kiểm định nghiệm đơn vị bảng Levin-Lin-Chu (LLC)	Kiểm định nghiệm đơn vị bảng Fisher
Lĩnh vực	Kinh tế lượng	Kinh tế lượng
Họ	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
Năm ra đời	2002	1999
Người khởi xướng	Andrew Levin, Chien-Fu Lin & Chia-Shang Chu	G. S. Maddala & Shaowen Wu
Loại	Panel unit-root test (homogeneous alternative)	Nonparametric combination-of-p-values panel unit-root test
Công trình gốc	Levin, A., Lin, C.-F., & Chu, C.-S. J. (2002). Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties. Journal of Econometrics, 108(1), 1–24.	Maddala, G. S., & Wu, S. (1999). A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simple test. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61(S1), 631–652.
Tên gọi khác	LLC Test, Panel Unit-Root Test (Homogeneous), Levin-Lin Unit-Root Test, Panel Birim Kök Testi (LLC)	Maddala-Wu Test, Fisher-type Panel Unit-Root Test, MW Panel Unit-Root Test, Fisher Panel Birim Kök Testi
Liên quan	3	3
Tóm tắt	The Levin-Lin-Chu (LLC) test, introduced by Levin, Lin, and Chu (2002), is a first-generation panel unit-root test that pools cross-sectional information to test whether all units in a panel share a common autoregressive unit root. It is widely used in applied economics and finance when researchers work with balanced or near-balanced panels and require a powerful test against a homogeneous stationary alternative.	The Fisher-type (Maddala-Wu) panel unit-root test, introduced in 1999, combines individual-level ADF unit-root p-values using Fisher's chi-squared meta-analytic framework to produce a single panel-level test statistic. Unlike the Levin-Lin-Chu approach, it does not impose a common autoregressive parameter across cross-sections, making it a natural choice for heterogeneous panels in macroeconomics, finance, and regional economics.