So sánh phương pháp

	Phân tích đường đi chi phí tối thiểu / khoảng cách chi phí	Mô hình Phân bổ-Địa điểm	Kỹ thuật Sắp xếp Ưu tiên theo Độ Tương đồng với Giải pháp Lý tưởng
Lĩnh vực	Phân tích không gian	Phân tích không gian	Ra quyết định
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	MCDM
Năm ra đời	1994	1963	1981
Người khởi xướng	Edsger Dijkstra (shortest path); GIS cost-surface adaptation	Leon Cooper; S. L. Hakimi	Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K.
Loại	Raster cost-surface routing	Spatial facility-location optimization	Distance-based (compromise)
Công trình gốc	Dijkstra, E. W. (1959). A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. Numerische Mathematik, 1(1), 269–271.	Cooper, L. (1963). Location-allocation problems. Operations Research, 11(3), 331–343.	Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. (1981). Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications — A State-of-the-Art Survey. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Vol. 186, Springer-Verlag
Tên gọi khác	cost-distance analysis, accumulated cost surface, least-cost corridor, en düşük maliyetli yol	facility location, p-median problem, maximal covering location problem, yer-tahsis modelleri	—
Liên quan	3	4	8
Tóm tắt	Least-cost path analysis finds the route between two locations that minimizes accumulated travel cost across a landscape, rather than minimizing straight-line distance. By encoding terrain, slope, land cover, and other frictions into a cost surface and accumulating cost outward from a source, it identifies optimal corridors for roads, pipelines, trails, power lines, and wildlife movement — a core raster-GIS technique built on Dijkstra's shortest-path logic.	Location-allocation models decide where to place a set of facilities and simultaneously assign demand points to them so as to optimize an objective such as total travel cost, worst-case distance, or population covered. Rooted in the operations-research work of Cooper (1963) and Hakimi (1964) and central to network GIS, they answer questions like where to site warehouses, hospitals, fire stations, or schools to best serve a spatially distributed population.	TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. in 1981. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.