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| Mã kiểm tra chẵn lẻ mật độ thấp (LDPC)× | Kỹ thuật Đa đầu vào Đa đầu ra (MIMO)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Lĩnh vực | Viễn thông | Viễn thông |
| Họ | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Năm ra đời≠ | 1962 | 1995 |
| Người khởi xướng≠ | Robert Gallager | Telatar, Foschini, and Gans |
| Loại≠ | linear error-correcting code | spatial multiplexing technique |
| Công trình gốc≠ | Gallager, R. G. (1962). Low-density parity-check codes. IRE Transactions on Information Theory, 8(1), 21-28. DOI ↗ | Telatar, I. (1999). Capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian channels. European Transactions on Telecommunications, 10(6), 585-595. DOI ↗ |
| Tên gọi khác | sparse codes, belief propagation codes | spatial multiplexing, antenna diversity |
| Liên quan | 5 | 5 |
| Tóm tắt≠ | LDPC codes, invented by Robert Gallager in 1962 and rediscovered in the 1990s by MacKay, are linear error-correcting codes defined by sparse parity-check matrices. They achieve performance within 0.4 dB of the Shannon limit with iterative belief-propagation decoding and have become the standard for modern wireless (WiFi-6, 5G NR, Digital Video Broadcasting). Unlike turbo codes, LDPC codes have a more elegant graph-theoretic structure and more mature theoretical analysis. | MIMO is a technique that uses multiple transmit and receive antennas to significantly increase channel capacity and reliability. Pioneered theoretically by Telatar (1999) and Foschini & Gans (1998), MIMO exploits multipath propagation—typically a liability in wireless—as an asset by creating independent spatial channels. It is now fundamental to all modern wireless systems including LTE, WiFi-6, and 5G, where it provides both capacity gains through spatial multiplexing and robustness through diversity. |
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