So sánh phương pháp

	Krackhardt Hierarchy Measures	Phân tích mạng xã hội
Lĩnh vực	Sociology	Phân tích mạng lưới
Họ	Process / pipeline	Machine learning
Năm ra đời	1994	1934 (sociometry); 1994 (modern formalization)
Người khởi xướng	David Krackhardt	Moreno, J.L.; formalized by Wasserman & Faust
Loại	Set of four graph-theoretic indices of how hierarchical a network is	Structural/relational analysis framework
Công trình gốc	Krackhardt, D. (1994). Graph theoretical dimensions of informal organizations. In K. M. Carley & M. J. Prietula (Eds.), Computational Organization Theory (pp. 89–111). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.	Wasserman, S. & Faust, K. (1994). Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0-521-38707-1
Tên gọi khác	Krackhardt GTD, graph-theoretic dimensions of hierarchy, Krackhardt connectedness-hierarchy-efficiency-LUB, out-tree hierarchy measures	SNA, network analysis, sociometric analysis, relational analysis
Liên quan	5	5
Tóm tắt	Krackhardt's graph-theoretic dimensions provide four indices that together measure how closely a directed network approximates a pure hierarchy — formally, an out-tree. The dimensions are connectedness (is everyone linked?), hierarchy (are ties asymmetric, i.e., non-reciprocated?), efficiency (are there no redundant ties?), and least upper bound (does every pair share a common superior?). Each is scaled from 0 to 1, and a network scoring 1 on all four is a perfect hierarchy.	Social Network Analysis (SNA) is a structural method that maps and measures relationships and flows between people, groups, organizations, or other entities modeled as nodes connected by ties (edges). Rather than focusing on individual attributes, SNA reveals how the pattern of connections shapes behavior, influence, information flow, and outcomes within a system.