So sánh phương pháp

	Chỉ số Katz về sự độc lập trong các hoạt động sinh hoạt hàng ngày (ADL)	Thang điểm Đánh giá Nguy cơ Tổn thương Do Áp lực Waterlow
Lĩnh vực	Điều dưỡng	Điều dưỡng
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1963	1985
Người khởi xướng	Sidney Katz	Judy Waterlow
Loại	Clinician-rated or observational functional assessment	Clinician-rated risk assessment tool
Công trình gốc	Katz, S., Ford, A. B., Moskowitz, R. W., Jackson, B. A., & Jaffe, M. W. (1963). Studies of Illness in the Aged: The Index of ADL, a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA, 185(12), 914-919.	Waterlow, J. (1985). A risk assessment tool for pressure sores. Nursing Times, 81(48), 49-55.
Tên gọi khác	Katz Index, Katz ADL Scale, Index of ADL	Waterlow Scale, Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment, Waterlow Score
Liên quan	3	3
Tóm tắt	The Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living, developed by Sidney Katz and colleagues in 1963, is one of the earliest and most widely used tools for assessing functional status in older adults and persons with chronic illness. The scale evaluates six essential self-care activities (bathing, dressing, toileting, transfer, continence, feeding) through direct observation or interview and assigns an overall grade (A through G) reflecting the degree of independence. It remains a foundational instrument in geriatric assessment, rehabilitation medicine, and long-term care settings.	The Waterlow Pressure Injury Risk Assessment Scale, developed by Judy Waterlow in 1985, is a widely used clinical tool in nursing for identifying patients at risk of developing pressure injuries (formerly called pressure ulcers or bedsores). The scale evaluates multiple risk factors including age, mobility, skin condition, weight/body mass index, appetite, and incontinence status, generating a numerical risk score that guides preventive care intensity. It is standard in hospital, long-term care, and community nursing settings across the United Kingdom, Europe, and internationally.