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| Thang đo Tiếp xúc Liên nhóm× | Thang đo Gắn kết Xã hội× | |
|---|---|---|
| Lĩnh vực | Xã hội học chính trị | Xã hội học chính trị |
| Họ | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Năm ra đời≠ | 1954–2008 | 1997–2006 |
| Người khởi xướng≠ | Gordon Allport, Thomas Pettigrew, Linda Tropp | Robert Sampson, Ray Forrest, Akhtar Kearns |
| Loại | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Công trình gốc≠ | Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Addison-Wesley. link ↗ | Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277(5328), 918-924. DOI ↗ |
| Tên gọi khác | ICS, Contact Quality Index | SCS, Social Integration Index |
| Liên quan | 5 | 5 |
| Tóm tắt≠ | The Intergroup Contact Scale measures the quantity and quality of face-to-face interaction between members of different social groups (racial, ethnic, religious, national, or other categories). Rooted in Gordon Allport's contact hypothesis (1954), which proposed that prejudice decreases when groups interact under favorable conditions, the scale is fundamental in research on prejudice reduction, integration, and intergroup relations. | The Social Cohesion Scale measures the degree to which members of a community feel integrated, connected, and unified by shared values and mutual support. Developed across multiple traditions—notably by Robert Sampson and colleagues in criminology and urban sociology, and by Forrest & Kearns in housing research—it assesses both the structural glue (institutions, networks) and affective bonds (belonging, solidarity) that hold communities together. |
| ScholarGateBộ dữ liệu ↗ |
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