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| Thang đo Tiếp xúc Liên nhóm× | Thang đo Giá trị Dân chủ× | |
|---|---|---|
| Lĩnh vực | Xã hội học chính trị | Xã hội học chính trị |
| Họ | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Năm ra đời≠ | 1954–2008 | 1999–2015 |
| Người khởi xướng≠ | Gordon Allport, Thomas Pettigrew, Linda Tropp | Russell Dalton, Hans-Dieter Klingemann, Christian Welzel |
| Loại | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Công trình gốc≠ | Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Addison-Wesley. link ↗ | Dalton, R. J. (2004). Democratic challenges, democratic choices: The erosion of political support in advanced industrial democracies. Oxford University Press. link ↗ |
| Tên gọi khác | ICS, Contact Quality Index | DVS, Democratic Attitudes Scale |
| Liên quan≠ | 5 | 4 |
| Tóm tắt≠ | The Intergroup Contact Scale measures the quantity and quality of face-to-face interaction between members of different social groups (racial, ethnic, religious, national, or other categories). Rooted in Gordon Allport's contact hypothesis (1954), which proposed that prejudice decreases when groups interact under favorable conditions, the scale is fundamental in research on prejudice reduction, integration, and intergroup relations. | The Democratic Values Scale measures commitment to core principles of democratic governance including free speech, rule of law, fair elections, protection of minorities, and transparent institutions. Rather than measuring support for democracy as a system (which is nearly universal in principle), it captures depth of commitment to democratic norms, tolerance for dissent, and willingness to protect rights of political opponents. Developed by comparative political scientists including Dalton, Klingemann, and Welzel, it reveals psychological foundations of democratic stability. |
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