So sánh phương pháp

	Thang đo Lo âu và Trầm cảm tại Bệnh viện (HADS)	Thang đo Trầm cảm của Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Dịch tễ học (CES-D)	Thang đo Mức độ Khó chịu Tâm lý Kessler-10 (K10)
Lĩnh vực	Tâm lý học lâm sàng	Tâm lý học lâm sàng	Tâm lý học lâm sàng
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1983	1977	2002
Người khởi xướng	Andrew S. Zigmond and Richard P. Snaith	Lenore Sawyer Radloff	Ronald C. Kessler and colleagues
Loại	Anxiety and depression screening in medical populations	Community-based depression assessment	Non-specific psychological distress screening
Công trình gốc	Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370.	Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.	Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. Y., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L., ... & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959-976.
Tên gọi khác	HADS, HADS-A, HADS-D	CES-D, CESD	K10, K6, Kessler Scale
Liên quan	4	5	5
Tóm tắt	The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide.	The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide.	The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 (K10) is a 10-item self-report measure of non-specific psychological distress and mental health problems. Developed by Kessler and colleagues in 2002, the K10 was designed as an ultra-brief screening instrument for population surveys and epidemiological research. A shorter 6-item version (K6) is also widely used for rapid case identification.