So sánh phương pháp

	Ground-Penetrating Radar	Trắc nghiệm Điện trở suất	InSAR
Lĩnh vực	Địa vật lý	Địa vật lý	Địa vật lý
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1989	1996	1989
Người khởi xướng	James Davis and Anthony Annan	Loke and Barker	Gabriel, Goldstein, and Zebker
Loại	Shallow subsurface electromagnetic pulse detection	Active source resistivity mapping and subsurface imaging	Radar interferometry for millimeter-precision surface deformation
Công trình gốc	Davis, J. L., & Annan, A. P. (1989). Ground-penetrating radar for high-resolution mapping of soil and rock stratigraphy. Geophysical Prospecting, 37(5), 531-551.	Loke, M. H., & Barker, R. D. (1996). Rapid least-squares inversion of apparent resistivity pseudosections by a quasi-Newton method. Geophysical Prospecting, 44(1), 131-152.	Gabriel, A. K., Goldstein, R. M., & Zebker, H. A. (1989). Mapping small elevation changes over large areas: Differential radar interferometry. Journal of Geophysical Research, 94(B7), 9183-9191.
Tên gọi khác	GPR	ERT	InSAR
Liên quan	3	3	3
Tóm tắt	Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a near-surface geophysical method that uses high-frequency electromagnetic pulses (typically 10 MHz to 2.5 GHz) to image shallow subsurface structures with exceptional spatial resolution. Pioneered by Davis and Annan in 1989, GPR is widely used in archaeology, civil engineering, environmental assessment, and shallow mineral exploration due to its ability to resolve features at decimeter to centimeter scales.	Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is an active-source geophysical method that maps the spatial distribution of electrical resistivity in the subsurface by injecting current between two electrodes and measuring potential differences across an array of receiver electrodes. Advanced as a practical technique by Loke and Barker in 1996, ERT has become standard for hydrogeological, environmental, and structural characterization due to its sensitivity to fluid saturation and salt content.	Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a radar remote sensing technique that measures millimeter-scale ground surface deformation by analyzing the phase difference between radar images acquired from slightly different orbital positions. Pioneered by Gabriel, Goldstein, and Zebker in 1989, InSAR has become essential for earthquake rupture characterization, volcanic monitoring, landslide detection, and subsidence quantification.