So sánh phương pháp

	Gravity Model of Trade	Computable General Equilibrium	Input-Output Analysis
Lĩnh vực	Kinh tế học	Kinh tế học	Kinh tế học
Họ	Regression model	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2003	1960	1936
Người khởi xướng	Jan Tinbergen (empirical); Anderson & van Wincoop (structural)	Leif Johansen; developed by Herbert Scarf, John Shoven & John Whalley	Wassily Leontief
Loại	Structural econometric model of bilateral trade flows	Multi-market numerical equilibrium simulation model	Linear inter-industry accounting and impact model
Công trình gốc	Anderson, J. E., & van Wincoop, E. (2003). Gravity with gravitas: A solution to the border puzzle. American Economic Review, 93(1), 170–192.	Shoven, J. B., & Whalley, J. (1992). Applying General Equilibrium. Cambridge Surveys of Economic Literature. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9780521319867	Leontief, W. W. (1936). Quantitative input and output relations in the economic system of the United States. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 18(3), 105–125.
Tên gọi khác	Gravity Equation, Trade Gravity Model, Structural Gravity, Anderson-van Wincoop Model	CGE Model, Applied General Equilibrium, AGE Model, Walrasian Simulation Model	Leontief Model, Inter-Industry Analysis, I-O Analysis, Input-Output Model
Liên quan	2	3	4
Tóm tắt	The gravity model of trade explains bilateral trade flows by analogy to Newton's law of gravitation: trade between two economies is proportional to their economic sizes and inversely related to the trade costs (such as distance) between them. First applied empirically by Jan Tinbergen in 1962 and given a rigorous theoretical foundation by Anderson and van Wincoop in 2003, the structural gravity model shows that trade depends not only on bilateral barriers but on those barriers relative to each country's overall, multilateral resistance to trade.	A computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is a numerical simulation of an entire economy in which optimizing producers and consumers interact through markets that all clear simultaneously. Building on Walras's general-equilibrium theory and a benchmark social accounting matrix, a CGE model is calibrated to reproduce a base-year economy and then solved for the new vector of prices and quantities that would prevail under a counterfactual policy — a tax reform, a tariff change, a carbon price — capturing how the shock reverberates and re-equilibrates across every market.	Input-output analysis is a quantitative framework for representing the interdependence between the industries of an economy, introduced by Wassily Leontief in 1936. It records the flows of goods and services between sectors in a transactions table, derives fixed technical coefficients describing how much each industry buys from every other industry per unit of output, and inverts the resulting linear system to trace how an exogenous change in final demand ripples through the entire production structure.