So sánh phương pháp

	Phân tích Quyết định Đa Tiêu Chí dựa trên GIS (GIS-MCDA)	Phân tích đường đi chi phí tối thiểu / khoảng cách chi phí
Lĩnh vực	Phân tích không gian	Phân tích không gian
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2006	1994
Người khởi xướng	Jacek Malczewski (GIS-MCDA synthesis)	Edsger Dijkstra (shortest path); GIS cost-surface adaptation
Loại	Spatial multi-criteria suitability/decision analysis	Raster cost-surface routing
Công trình gốc	Malczewski, J. (2006). GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(7), 703–726.	Dijkstra, E. W. (1959). A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. Numerische Mathematik, 1(1), 269–271.
Tên gọi khác	GIS-MCDM, spatial multi-criteria analysis, GIS-AHP, weighted overlay suitability	cost-distance analysis, accumulated cost surface, least-cost corridor, en düşük maliyetli yol
Liên quan	4	3
Tóm tắt	GIS-MCDA combines the map layers of a geographic information system with multi-criteria decision analysis to produce suitability or priority maps — ranking locations by how well they satisfy several weighted criteria at once. It is the standard framework for spatial decisions such as siting hospitals, solar farms, landfills, or evacuation areas, integrating methods like AHP, TOPSIS, and weighted overlay with spatial data.	Least-cost path analysis finds the route between two locations that minimizes accumulated travel cost across a landscape, rather than minimizing straight-line distance. By encoding terrain, slope, land cover, and other frictions into a cost surface and accumulating cost outward from a source, it identifies optimal corridors for roads, pipelines, trails, power lines, and wildlife movement — a core raster-GIS technique built on Dijkstra's shortest-path logic.