So sánh phương pháp

	Gender Role Attitudes Scale	Gender-Equitable Men Scale
Lĩnh vực	Gender Studies	Gender Studies
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1997	2008
Người khởi xướng	Lynda A. King & Daniel W. King	Julie Pulerwitz & Gary Barker
Loại	Self-report attitude scale	Self-report attitude scale
Công trình gốc	King, L. A., & King, D. W. (1997). Sex-Role Egalitarianism Scale: Development, psychometric properties, and recommendations for future research. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(1), 71–87.	Pulerwitz, J., & Barker, G. (2008). Measuring attitudes toward gender norms among young men in Brazil: Development and psychometric evaluation of the GEM Scale. Men and Masculinities, 10(3), 322–338.
Tên gọi khác	Sex-Role Egalitarianism Scale, SRES, Gender Role Ideology Scale	GEM Scale, Gender Equitable Men Scale, GEMS
Liên quan	4	4
Tóm tắt	Gender role attitudes scales measure how egalitarian or traditional a person's beliefs are about the appropriate roles, rights, and behaviours of women and men. The best-validated example is the Sex-Role Egalitarianism Scale (SRES) developed by Lynda and Daniel King in 1997, which assesses attitudes across marital, parental, employment, social-interpersonal, and educational domains. Such scales sit alongside the Attitudes Toward Women Scale as standard instruments for capturing gender ideology in social and psychological research.	The Gender-Equitable Men (GEM) Scale is a 24-item self-report instrument developed by Julie Pulerwitz and Gary Barker in 2008 to measure attitudes toward gender norms, particularly among men. Created and first validated with young men in Brazil through the Instituto Promundo programme, it covers norms around sexual and reproductive health, sexual relationships, violence, domestic work and child care, and homophobia, and has become a leading tool for evaluating gender-transformative health and violence-prevention interventions worldwide.