So sánh phương pháp

	Gender-Equitable Men Scale	Gender Role Attitudes Scale
Lĩnh vực	Gender Studies	Gender Studies
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2008	1997
Người khởi xướng	Julie Pulerwitz & Gary Barker	Lynda A. King & Daniel W. King
Loại	Self-report attitude scale	Self-report attitude scale
Công trình gốc	Pulerwitz, J., & Barker, G. (2008). Measuring attitudes toward gender norms among young men in Brazil: Development and psychometric evaluation of the GEM Scale. Men and Masculinities, 10(3), 322–338.	King, L. A., & King, D. W. (1997). Sex-Role Egalitarianism Scale: Development, psychometric properties, and recommendations for future research. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(1), 71–87.
Tên gọi khác	GEM Scale, Gender Equitable Men Scale, GEMS	Sex-Role Egalitarianism Scale, SRES, Gender Role Ideology Scale
Liên quan	4	4
Tóm tắt	The Gender-Equitable Men (GEM) Scale is a 24-item self-report instrument developed by Julie Pulerwitz and Gary Barker in 2008 to measure attitudes toward gender norms, particularly among men. Created and first validated with young men in Brazil through the Instituto Promundo programme, it covers norms around sexual and reproductive health, sexual relationships, violence, domestic work and child care, and homophobia, and has become a leading tool for evaluating gender-transformative health and violence-prevention interventions worldwide.	Gender role attitudes scales measure how egalitarian or traditional a person's beliefs are about the appropriate roles, rights, and behaviours of women and men. The best-validated example is the Sex-Role Egalitarianism Scale (SRES) developed by Lynda and Daniel King in 1997, which assesses attitudes across marital, parental, employment, social-interpersonal, and educational domains. Such scales sit alongside the Attitudes Toward Women Scale as standard instruments for capturing gender ideology in social and psychological research.