So sánh phương pháp

	Mô hình hiệu ứng cố định Fourier	Mô hình Hiệu ứng Cố định với Điểm đứt gãy Cấu trúc
Lĩnh vực	Kinh tế lượng	Kinh tế lượng
Họ	Regression model	Regression model
Năm ra đời	2006–2012	1998 (Bai-Perron); FE estimator classical
Người khởi xướng	Enders & Lee (building on Becker, Enders & Lee framework)	Bai & Perron (structural break testing); Mundlak / within-group estimator tradition
Loại	Panel regression with Fourier terms	Panel regression with regime change
Công trình gốc	Enders, W., & Lee, J. (2012). A unit root test using a Fourier series to approximate smooth breaks. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 74(4), 574–599.	Bai, J., & Perron, P. (1998). Estimating and testing linear models with multiple structural changes. Econometrica, 66(1), 47-78.
Tên gọi khác	Fourier FE model, Fourier panel fixed effects, trigonometric fixed effects regression, smooth structural break fixed effects	FE model with structural breaks, break-adjusted fixed effects, panel fixed effects with regime shifts, structural change fixed effects estimator
Liên quan	6	6
Tóm tắt	The Fourier fixed effects model extends standard panel fixed effects regression by augmenting the specification with low-frequency Fourier (trigonometric) terms. These sine and cosine components approximate unknown, smooth structural shifts in the time trend without requiring the researcher to pre-specify break dates, combining within-unit identification with flexible trend modelling.	The structural break fixed effects model extends the standard within-group (FE) panel estimator by allowing the slope coefficients to shift at one or more detected break dates. Each unit's unobserved time-invariant heterogeneity is still removed by demeaning, but separate coefficient regimes are estimated for each sub-period, capturing policy shifts, crises, or technological transitions that would otherwise bias a single-regime FE estimate.